BUDAPEST
— Hungary plans to impose a new tax on Internet data transfers, a
draft 2015 tax bill submitted to parliament late on Tuesday showed, in a
move that could hit Internet and telecoms providers and their customers
hard.
The
draft tax code contains a provision for Internet providers to pay a tax
of 150 forints (60 US cents) per gigabyte of data traffic, though it
would also let companies offset corporate income tax against the new
levy.
Within
hours of the tax provision being published over 100,000 people joined a
Facebook group protesting the levy, which they fear providers will pass
on to them. Thousands said they would rally against the tax, which they
said was excessive, outside the Economy Ministry on Sunday.
Prime
Minister Viktor Orban's government has in the last few years imposed
special taxes on the banking, retail and energy sectors as well as on
telecommunications providers to keep the budget deficit in check,
jeopardizing profits in some sectors of the economy and unnerving
international investors.
Economy
Minister Mihaly Varga defended the move on Tuesday, saying
communications technology has changed the way people use telecom
services and therefore the tax code needed to be changed. His ministry
said it expects the tax to generate annual revenue of 20 billion
forints.
However,
fixed-line Internet traffic in Hungary reached 1.15 billion gigabytes
in 2013 and mobile internet added 18 million gigabytes, which would
generate revenue of 175 billion forints under the new tax according to
consultancy firm eNet.
Traffic
has probably grown since, eNet partner Gergely Kis told Reuters, so the
tax could hit Internet providers by more than 200 billion forints, if
left unaltered.
The
entire internet service sector's annual revenue came to 164 billion
forints at the end of 2013, according to the Central Statistics Office
(KSH).
The
government's low estimate of revenue suggests it will impose a cap on
the amount of tax any single Internet provider will have to pay, and in
view of the public reaction the ruling Fidesz party asked the government
to set a maximum level on the tax payable by individuals.
"The
Fidesz parliament group insists that the data traffic tax be paid by
service providers, therefore we propose changes to the bill," Fidesz
parliament group leader Antal Rogan said in an emailed statement.
"We
think it is practical to introduce an upper limit in the same fashion
and same magnitude that applied to voice-based telephony previously."
Under
the current tax code private individuals' tax payments are maximized at
a monthly 700 forints ($2.9) while companies cannot pay more than 5,000
forints a month.
A government spokesman was not immediately available for comment.
STOCK HIT, INTERNET USERS UNITE
Analysts
at Equilor Securities said on Wednesday that the Internet service
market leader, Deutsche Telekom's subsidiary Magyar Telekom could expect
to pay about 10 billion forints if there was no limit on the proposed
tax.
"Although
corporate taxes offset this amount Magyar Telekom has paid only 200-300
million forints worth of such tax in recent years because its parent
company used tax breaks," Equilor noted.
"The
company could theoretically pass on the burden to its clients but that
requires a business policy decision so it's too early to say much about
that. The tax could, however, boost uncertainty about a resumption of
dividend payments at Magyar Telekom."
Magyar Telekom recently said it would pay no dividend for 2014 in order to keep its debt in check.
The
company said the "drastic" new tax threatened to undermine planned
investments in broadband network infrastructure, and called for the
proposal to be withdrawn. It said industry players were not consulted
about the idea.
Magyar
Telekom shares were down 2.9 percent at 1221 GMT (0821 EDT),
underperforming the blue chip index, which was down 0.3 percent.
The
Association of IT, Telecommunications and Electronics Companies said in
a statement on Wednesday that the tax would force them to hike prices,
which would reflect in consumer prices in general and hinder economic
growth.
"The
real losers of the Internet tax are not the Internet companies but
their clients, users, and all Hungarians who would now access the
services they have used much more expensively, or in an extreme case,
not at all," the Association said.
Balazs
Nemes, one of those who began the Facebook page protesting the move,
said: "In more developed nations, broadband Internet access is
considered part of human rights.
"Only the darkest dictatorships want to control the Internet either financially or with raw power," he said.
"We
pay VAT, the Internet service providers pay corporate taxes, so what
justifies making web use a luxury when we do basic things like arranging
medical appointments, university applications or banking online?"
(1 US dollar = 240.75 Hungarian forint)
(Reporting by Marton Dunai and Gergely Szakacs; Editing by Hugh Lawson)
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