PROPERTIES OF HUMAN PERSONALITY IN PSYCHOLOGY

  CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. SPECIAL PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN
Based on the fact that the human personality is very diverse, probably equal to the number of people, some members sought bracket-classify people into type-specific types, because they argue that it is the most effective way to get to know one another well. On the other hand, a group of the opinion, that way of working as set forth above shall not fulfill the purpose of the psychology of personality, that identify with other people by what they are, according to the special characteristics, since the classification into type-type that people actually hide specificity attributes of a person.

B. THEORY typology
1 Theory of Hippocrates - Gelenus
Influenced by Empedokles Cosmology, which assumes that the universe and its contents are composed of four basic elements, namely earth, water, air, and fire, each of which supports specific nature, that nature supports dry land, water wet nature of the support, air support properties of cold and hot nature of fire support, then Hippocrates (460-370) argues that even in the human body are the attributes that are supported by fluid-fluid in the body, namely:

- Cleaning properties supported by Cholc,
- Properties of wet supported by Melannchole,
- The nature of conditioned supported by Phlegma, and
- Hot properties supported by Sanguis.
Hippocrates Galenus argues that in the human body there are four kinds of tree sap, namely Chole, melanchole, phlegma, and sanguis. Nature of certain psychiatric specialties, which are subject to the domination of the fluid in the body by Gelenus called temperamental.

2 Typology of Sects and Denominations France
a. Italian sect typology
Based on the data obtained by DeGiovani, and deformation law formulated by DeGiovani, Viola in research-research finding, that there are three kinds of human type based on her circumstances, namely:
(1) Microsplanchnis: vertical measurements relatively dominant, until his high looks tall.
(2) Macrosplanchnis: horizontal measurements relatively dominant, so obese people look short.
(3) Normosplanchnis: measurements of vertical and horizontal balance, so people seem balanced. All sorts of body shapes so it bottomed on the descent.

b. French sect typology
French sect led by Sigaud argues that state and form of the human body and varieties, the difference is primarily determined by the environment or surroundings. That is:
(1) There is a range of tangible air source respiratoris reaction.
(2) There are about a tangible eat-food source reactions digestif.
(3) There is a range of tangible environmental conditions are a source of muskuler reactions.
(4) There is a range of tangible sosisl conditions that give rise to cerebral reactions.

3 Typology Kretschmer
a. Type-type man in his physical condition
Kretschmer bracket-classify on the basis of body shape into four:
1 Type piknis:
The special properties of this type are:
- Body rather short,
- Chest rounded, large belly, shoulder width
- The neck is short and strong
- Arm and leg weakness
- Head somewhat "down" to the face between keuda shoulders, until the top of the spine appears slightly curved
- A lot of fat, so that the veins and bones do not seem real
This type forms tangible gain after the age of 40 years


2 Type Leptosom
Natured person leptosom vertical measurements more than normal, so his high looks tall, the special properties of this type are:
- Slim / skinny, tall
- Stomach small, narrow shoulders
- Arms and legs straight
- Relatively small skull, the bones in the face is clearly visible
- Open ovate
- The relative weight of less
3 Type of athletic
In the measurements of type athletic body vertically and horizontally in comparison to balanced, so that the body appears consistent; mini type can be seen as a synthesis of type and type piknis leptoson. The special properties of this type are:
- Bones and strong muscles and skin
- Solid and robust body
- Moderately high
- Broad shoulders and strong
- A strong stomach
- Pelvis and legs strong, in comparison with the shoulder and looks quite small
- Big enough and strong skull, head and neck erect
- Face ovate, shorter than the type lepsotom
4 Type Displatis
This type of deviation from the third type is submitted, it is not able to be inserted into the third one between the type, since it has no special characteristics according to the type-type. All sorts of parts that seem contrary to one another there together. Kretschmer himself considers this type displastis kosntitusi deviate from normal.b. According to Human Types temperament
1 Type schizothym
People who bertemperament schizothym, the properties of the soul corresponds to the sufferers of schizophrenia, just is not very clear, there is a tendency toward autism: cover yourself, live with herself


Type 2 cyklothym
People who bertemperament cyklothym, the properties of the soul with the patient bersesuain manisdefresif, just is not very clear. This group is also easy to come to feel the joy and sorrow of others

c. Relationship Between Physical condition And Temperament
1 people piknis most bertemperament cyklothym constitution, or the people who bertemperament cyklothym most berkonstiusi piknis
2 people leptosom constitutional, athletic, and most bertemperament displastis schizothyum, or people who bertemperament schizothym most constitutional leptosom, or athletic or displastis.

THEORY SHELDON C.
Sheldon describe the human personality as consisting of the components.
a. components of a bodily
(1) Komponeen-komponeen primary bodily, consisting of
a. Endomorphy
People who are high endomorphynya components are both characterized by lower other components: a soft, fat, body weight is relatively less
b. Mesomorphy
People who type mesomorphy high mesomorphnya components are komponene another low; dominant muscles, blood vessels strong, the heart is also dominant, this type of person looks: solid, hard, muscular look-sided terms, lasting pain.
c. Ectomorphy
People belonging to the class of this type their organs derived from the ectoderm is primarily developed; skin, nervous system, with characteristic-cir: tall, flat chest, weakness, muscle growing barely visible.
(2) secondary bodily component, which consists of
a. dysplasia
To borrow a term from the term used by Kretchmer Sheldon to show any inaccuracies and insufficiencies mix the three primary components in the various regions of the body.
b. Gynandromorphy
Gynandromorphy it shows how far the body has the properties that are usually located on opposite sex. This component by Sheldon declared with the letter "g" so the man who has the component "g" high will have a soft body, big pelvis, and the properties of the other woman. Someone who has a component "g" is the maximum is sissy.
c. Texture
Is a component that shows how it appears to come out

(3) Components of Temperament
The components of this temperament is also composed of three components, namely:
a. type viscerotonis
The properties are of type person viscerotonis it is:
1. not tense attitude (relaxed)
2. like to be entertainment
3. like to eat-eat
4. great need for other people's resonance
5. sleep soundly
6 Playing the lurch if need others
b. type somatotonis
Somatotonis temperament traits are evident:
1 spunky attitude
2. mighty (energetic)
3 needs a big move
4. like frankly
5. aloud
6 appears to be more mature than they really are
7 when facing difficulties need to perform movements
c. type celebrotonis
The properties are of type person cerebrotonis it is:
1. less manly stance, hesitant
2 rapid reaction
3. less bold mingle with the crowd (there sociopobia)
4. less dare to speak in front of crowds
5. habits fixed, regular life
6. sound less free
7 sleep less soundly (difficult)
8 seems to be younger than the actual
9. when facing difficulties need seclusion

(4) psychiatric components, consisting of:
a. Affective
That there is an extreme form of psychosis in patients with type sweet defresif
b. paranoid
That is a lot of wishful thinking, thoughts, images that are very far from reality.
c. Heboid
That is the extreme form found in patients pre hebehrenia, which is a form of the schzoprenia (a social, anti-social)

D. SOME STATES TYPOLOGY BASED SOLELY Psycho
a. typology Plato
Plato distinguishes three parts of the soul, namely:
1. mind (logos) which is located in the head
2. willingness (thumos) located in the chest
3. desire (epithumid) located in the abdomen

b. typology Queyrat
Queyrat develop a typology on the basis of the dominance of the faculties, powers of cognitive, affective, and conative.
1 One of the dominant power
a) Type of mediating, or intellectual, cognitive power which the dominant
b) the emotional type, in which the effective power of dominant
c) Type active, dominant conative power
2 Two dominant power
a) Type of mediating emotional or cognitive or affective dominant
b) an active type of emotional or ferocious: conative and affective dominant power
c) active-mediating type: conative and cognitive dominant power
3 Third power exists in balanced proportions:
a) Type of balance
b) Type amproph
c) Type aphatis
4 The three power exists or erratic function:
a) Type Unstable
b) Type of firm no heart
c) Type kontraktroris
5. There are three kinds of unhealthy types, namely:
a) Type hypochonolis
b) Type melancholis
c) Type hysteris

c. typology Malapert
1. intellectual type, consisting of:
a) Analytical Group
b) Group reflective
2. affective type, which is Prohibited on:
a) Type emotional
b) Group ardent
3 voulenter type, consisting of:
a) Group without volition
b) greater willingness Group
4 active type, which consists of:
a) The Group is not active
b) Group active

d. typology Heymans
1 emotionality (emosionaliteit), which is easily influenced by whether or not people feel the impression of something.
2 The process of accompaniment, which is more or less influence impressions of consciousness.
3 Activity (activiet), ie at least the states themselves, embody feelings and mind-mind for the spontaneous action.
4. Group is active, the group which for reasons that have done just weak.
Group 5. the inactive group that although there are strong reasons not yet willing to act.

e. typology Spranger
1 Two kinds rohk (Geist)
Spranger first distinguishes two kinds Rokh (Geist), namely:
a) Rokh Rokh subjective or individual, ie Rokh contained in each human (people)
b) supra Rokh Rokh objective or individual, ie Rokh all mankind, which is in a state of concrete is a culture that has been manifested for centuries.
2 The relationship between the subjective and the Rokh Rokh abjektif
Subjective and the objective Rokh reciprocally related. Subjective Rokh or individual spirit, which contains the values ​​contained in each individual, shaped and nurtured by objective Rokh, Rokh means in the form of subjective and objective Rokh developed using as the norm.
3 Field-field life
Culture by Spranger seen as a system of values​​, because the culture is nothing but a collection of cultural values ​​that are arranged according to a particular system or structure.
a) Field of knowledge (science, theory)
b) Economic Field
c) Field of art
d) religious Field
e) Field community
f) political Lapanagan
CHAPTER II
PERSONALITY THEORY SOME WEAR
HOW TO ANOTHER APPROACH

1. psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud's theories
a. Personality structure
According to Freud's own personality or a system of three aspects, namely:
1 Das Es (the id), the biological aspects
Das Es or biological aspects of personality than this is the original aspect. To eliminate the non-das es preferably has two kinds of ways, namely:
a) Automatic -rekasi reflexes and reactions, such as sneezing, blinking, etc.
b) the primary process, such as when a hungry man plainly imagine eating
2 Das Ich (the ego), the psychological aspects
Das Ich or psychological aspects of personality rather than arising from the organism needs to be able to relate to the outside world realistically.
3 Ueber Das Ich (the super-ego), the sociological aspects
Ueber das Ich or sociological aspects of this is the personal representative of traditional values ​​and ideals of society as interpreted by the parents to their children, who are taught (included) with a range of prohibition orders.

b. personality dynamics
According to Freud in us, there are two kinds (more precisely two groups) instincts, namely:
1 These instincts are alive
Function instincts serve the purpose of life is individual to stay alive and memeperpanjang race.
2 dead instincts
The death instinct, which is also called the destructive instinct (destructive) the functioning is less clear when compared with the instincts of life, as it is also known. However it is an undeniable fact, that the man was at the end of dead-end as well. This is what led Freud formulated, that "The purpose of all life is death". A manifestation of the death instinct is to push it aggressively.

c. Personality development
The principal source voltage is
1. physiological growth process
2. frustrating
3. conflict
4. threat
Some form of defense mechanism, which is popular among other things:
a) Projection
Projection is just like that (unconscious, mechanism) put the properties on the object in the mind itself outside itself, so that the inner nature itself was observed or experienced as other people's properties or the properties of objects outside itself.
b) Fixation
Fixation was stopped at a certain developmental phase that should have been abandoned, due to the phase step further that cause fear or discomfort.
c) Regression
Isolation is back again to the phase that has been left behind, in the face of danger situation for him to contain.
d) Isolation
Isolation is set aside (isolate) and regard it as something that is not important.
e) Rasionalisai
Rationalization is a rational reason to give something occurrence, hence what if in case no reason for him so it will lead to non-preferably.
f) Transkulpasi
Transkulpasi is blaming the other party, even yourself actually make mistakes.

2 Analytical Psychology, Theory carl Gustawjung
According to Jung's personality consists of two realms:
(a) Natural conscious (consciousness), which serves to make some adjustment to the outside world, and
(b) Natural unconscious (unconscious), which serves to hold the adjustment to the world in his own inner world.
a. The structure of consciousness
1 Function soul
The dominance of the spirit function according to Jung, there are four types of people, namely:
(a) Type of thinkers
(b) Type of taste
(c) Type pendria
(d) Type intuitive
2 The attitude of the soul
What is meant by mental attitude is the direction rather than the general psychic energy or libido, which is incarnated in human orientation to his world.
3 Persona
Persona by Jung is the way a person consciously reveal themselves to the outside.
b. The structure of unawareness
1. personal unconscious
That is part of nature rather than individual unconsciousness obtained during the history of life, personal experience.
2 The collective unconscious
Is part of the unconscious that is obtained by the individual of his fathers legacy, the things that man has acquired (as jensi) in the development.

3 Individual psychologic Theory Alfred Adler
a. Individuality as the crux of the matter
Adler emphasizes the importance of distinctive properties (unique) rather than personality, the individuality, roundness and distinctive properties of the human person.
b. view teleogis
Adler was influenced by "filsaat as if" formulated by Hans Vaihinger in his book Die Philosophie des Als-Ob. Vaihinger argues, that human life with a variety of ideals or thoughts are purely fictitious, there is no reality or partner in the world of reality.
c. Two main impetus
1 Encouragement of community, namely the encouragement that encourage people to act that serve the community
2 ego boost, which encourages people to act devoted to me alone
d. Inferiority and compensation

4 Individual Meaning Psychologie
Psychologie individual has significance as a way to understand our fellow human beings.
1) This flow requires it determines moral goals, such as
a. Must assume responsibility
b. Must face the difficulties of life
c. Scrape the ego boost and encouragement to develop social
d. Explore yourself and unlock hidden selfish tendency to then eradicate
2) Optimism in education
Regarding the influence of this stream of education optimistic view.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusions
To the authors of this paper sebgaai can conclude the following:
1. personality psychology aims to recognize both human beings and the nature of each personality type.
2 Mutual relationship between the constitution and temperament both physical and spkiatris
3 Scrape concordance impetus and encouragement to develop the hidden selfish tendencies to then eradicate it.