Bukhara Periode Uzbek
In 905 H, Bukhara dominated by Uzbeks. Then led by two emirs of al-Uzbek tribes Syaiban. Ubaid bin Mahmud and Abdullah bin Iskandar. During the reign of the two, Bukhara back to tradition. Be the center of political and cultural development. Similarly, in the leadership of the next two tribes; al-Janiyah (Arabic: الجانية) and al-Ostrakhaniyah (Arabic: الأستراخانية).In the 10th century AD 17-18 H or a century, the leaders of the Uzbek relations with the Russian Empire. The Russians call all the people of Central Asia or East Turkmenistan with Bukhara. This certainly indicates fame in the country town of Bukhara red bear it.
Period of Khan Abdul Aziz (1055-1091 H / 1645-1680 AD) is the end of the golden age of Bukhara. The next period is a period of decline and disintegration. They divided up so many of the emirs in Bukhara region with little power.
Russian Invasion TimeIn the year 1153 H / 1740 AD, Bukhara dominated by Nadir Shah, the king of the Kingdom of Shiite Shafawi. Shafawi power of Bukhara did not last long. The province's independence from Shafawi after Nadir Shah's death and the emergence of the al-Manikitiya (Arabic: المانگيتية). With Muhammad Rahim Khan as Khan in 1170 H. Then it returns the identity of Bukhara as Islam and Shariah.
At the time of al-Amir Muzhaffaruddin Shah (1277-1302 H / 1885-1860 AD) Russia's influence increasingly gripped states across the river. It forced al-Amir Muzhaffaruddin surrender some of its territory to Russia. At the end of the 19th century, Russia began to build buildings and modern facilities near Bukhara region. They even called it the edge it with the name of Bukhara Bukhara modern.
Then in 1302-1328 H / 1885-1910 H, Abdul Ahad Khan ruled Bukhara. At the time, the economy suffered peninggakatan Bukhara. This cultural city is transformed into an industrial city. Production of iron, gold, and wool attract investors and work tenga. Bukhara got the blessing, do not forget contributed by Abdul Ahad Khan for the construction of the holy land of Mecca and Medina.
In the center of the Russian dominance in the neighboring provinces, Abdul Ahad Khan struggled to maintain Bukhara regions Islam. It makes this historic land as an independent province since 1887 to 1920 AD At that time, Russia and the UK have entered the territory of Afghanistan.
After Amir Abdul Ahad Khan, his son Amir Alim Khan succeeded in the year 1328 H / 1910 AD He came to power in Bukhara and in 1340 H / 1922 AD After that, the Russian plenipotentiary of Bukhara. Until then Russia divide the Central Asian region on the basis of their tribe; Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. This habit of colonialism. Make a plan and the boundary lines of the same family. The Bukhara, this legendary city became one of the most important city in the province of Uzbekistan.
The reign of communist Russia as a bad period for the development of Islam in Bukhara. Communists did not hesitate to commit the offense even violence to enforce its doctrine. Bukhara Muslim women forced to take off their headscarf-hijab. Two tens of thousands of Uzbek mosques are closed by Stalin. Even partially used as a warehouse. To date Uzbekistan's independence, barely a hundred mosques were left.
Bukhara Modern Era
Uzbekistan's independence from Russian rule on August 31, 1991. Since then, the nation's Tajik begin to reduce the influence of Russia, which was late in masyaratkat. Little by little the Islamic values appear. But because it was so long ago, people had already forgotten the Uzbek Islam.
Tashkent, a city in Uzbekistan. Heritage town with good urban planning, but hated by tourists because of the culture of graft communityTells of Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Central Asia or even in general in the modern era, certainly far different than the past. As if there were a stepping culture and paradigms. First .. Central Asia have a high civilization. Being the political center. A gathering place for writers and scholars. As well as being the center of Islamic studies. First .. Arabic, Persian, and Turkish sounds everywhere. First .. high poetry and literature were born here. Literature became the pride. Distinguish them from nomadic shepherd in the pasture.
Another first, now. Now the story is much different. Now the Russian language is a unifying language. Islamic tradition interrupted by decades of communist rule. Prayer, fasting, Arabic letters, azan, so far from many people who are Muslims here. In the city of Bukhara is. Generally Muslim Central Asia have never fasted. They also rarely seen praying. Islamic practice is only done by the parents or some only of them. Over a century of communist rule in the country, really makes light of Islam are going out and drowned. Uzbek people will be so amazed astonished when someone greets with 'asslamualaikum'. Because it has long greeting replaced with the word 'hello'.
Islamic heritage in Bukhara
Islamic heritage in Bukhara still quite a lot. More than 140 Islamic historical sites there -it after many were destroyed by the Mongols and Russian- communist. Among others are:
- Mosque and Minaret Kalon or KaylanKalon Kalon tower or KaylanMenara or Kaylan
This mosque was built by Arslan Khan in 1121 AD When Genghis Khan entered the Bukhara, he set fire to a mosque and let the tower remains intact. All told, more than 30,000 people were slaughtered in Bukhara. Human head to form a pyramid. But in front of the Tower of Kalon, Genghis Khan thoughtfully. He let the tower as a sign of respect for the greatness of the building. In the next period Kalon mosque rebuilt. So it seems the age difference between the tower and the Kalon Kalon Mosque. If the tower is almost 1000 years old, the old mosque about 500-something years.
- The dome Samani: The dome was built by Ismail as-Samani in the year 892 AD
- One of the south gate of Bukhara mosques built in the 6th century H by the al-Qarakhani (Arabic: القراخانيون).
- Namazkah Mosque (Arabic: نمازكاه) was built in the 6th century H.
- Biland Mosque (Arabic: بلند) built in the 16th century AD
Prominent scholars and Bukhara
The city center of Islamic studies scholars and gave birth to many great figures in history. Among others are:
Clerical praises is Ishaq bin Rahawaih and Imam al-Bukhari. If included historical figures in general, it is a well-known scientist Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abdullah ibn Sina. Or better known as Avicenna. Bukhara also born of civilization.
In other regions of Uzbekistan, Khawarizm area, known as a mathematical scientist named Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. Or in Latin known as Algoritmi.
What They Said About Bukhara
- Past:
Yaqut al-Hamawi said, "There is no region across the river and Khorasan, an area where the population is highest civilization than the Bukhara region. Many inhabitants and evenly. It is only owned by Bukhara ... "
Yaqut quoting the words of the author of al-Shur, "The most special in the land across the river, I have never seen, nor until the news to me in the Islamic period, a region that is most flattering in Khurasan except Bukhara. If you go up to a high place and look into any angle, you see only a high civilization ... "(Mu'jam al-Buldan by Yaqut al-Hamawi, 1/353).Bukhara scenery seen from a tinggiPemandangan Bukhara seen from a high place
- Present time:
Economic conditions including Bukhara Uzbekistan really in Keadaa collapsed. Economics is not known. The number of unemployed continues to rise. And life increasingly difficult. Currency completely worthless. To the extent Murtie Djuffan, one of the Embassy counselor, said, "(in Uzbekistan) Javanese say, wong dead kabotan duit1. Here, people can die because of objections real money. In Uzbek, go shopping for family tickets, take the money of the big cardboard berharga- not -because of its currency, continued to fall, overwrite body ... dead. "
Augustine Wibowo, a traveler in the regions of Central Asia, said, "Almost hundred years under the communist regime and the secular character of Islam in Uzbekistan changed. Madrasah into a museum or a shop. Mosques become tourist attractions. Young couples holding hands and hugging engrossed enjoy Islamic architecture ... ... now the girls Tajik and Uzbek trendy Western-style dress, wearing a mini skirt, high heels and stockings invisibility, joined hands and danced with a man craving heart. Not far from the mosque Bukhara also built underground discotheques, owned by family members of the president Islam Karimov name that also contain the Islamic word. "
Actually Bukhara or Uzbekistan is not an area of deprivation when seen from its natural resources. They have crops such as gold and iron. But the blessing was lost with the least amount of gratitude. God ﷻ disaster inflicted by bad rulers because of the sins they committed. Then their situation is getting worse with the spread of low morals-morals.
Lesson
The entry of Islam into an area of great impact on the progress of the region.
When the pure Islamic implemented, it will bring blessings to the people and the region.
Communism is a very bad influence on Islam and the Muslims even worse than liberal democracy.
Muslims must give thanks to favor Islam; believing it to heart, mendakwahkannya, and apply them in practice. When they kufr, then the glory of God replace them with humiliation and adversity.
Muslims should take a lesson from their history. Cling to Islam is not a setback. Islam is far from the one that will bring a setback.
Noted :1. This expression is used to describe people who are very wealthy but stingy, he eventually died crushed or buried money themselves.
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