Muhammad al-Fatih, Penakluk Konstantinopel

Muhammad al-Fatih was one king or sultan of the Ottoman Empire's most famous. It is the seventh in the history of the sultan Uthmani. Al-Fatih is a title that is always attached to his name because he is the end or conquering the Eastern Roman Empire, which had ruled during the 11th century.
Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror reigned for 30 years. In addition Binzantium conquer, he also conquered territories in Asia, bringing together governments Anatolia and European regions, and including the most important services is successfully adapted the Byzantine Empire management has matured into the Ottoman Empire.
Character Leader drilled from childhood
Mehmed the Conqueror was born on 27th Rajab 835 AH / 30 March 1432 M in sardine, the capital of the Ottoman sovereignty that time. He was the son of Sultan Murad II, which is the sixth king of the Ottoman sovereignty.
Sultan Murad II had great attention to the education of their children. It forges her baby that later become a good leader and tough. Attention is evident from small Muhammad who has completed 30 chapters of the Koran memorization, learn the traditions, understand science, mathematics, astronomy, and war strategy. Moreover, Muhammad also learn a variety of languages ​​such as Arabic, Persian, Latin, and Greek. Not surprisingly, at the age of 21 years Muhammad was fluent in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, amazing!
Despite the nascent age, the father, Sultan Murad II, Sultan Muhammad led a mandated territory under the guidance of the scholars. This was done so that her father quickly realized that he had a great responsibility in the future. Guidance of the scholars are expected to be a compass that directs his thinking into line with the true understanding of Islam.
Become ruler of the Ottoman
Sultan Muhammad II was appointed to the Ottoman Caliphate on the 5th of Muharram 855 H equivalent to 7 M. Program February 1451 he decides to live large when the caliphate was conquered Constantinople.
The first step Sultan Muhammad do to realize his ambition is to do military policy and foreign policy strategist. He renewed treaties and agreements that have been established with neighboring countries and their military allies. Resetting the agreement aims to eliminate the influence of the Byzantine Roman Empire in the territories of neighboring Uthmani both politically and militarily.
Conquered Byzantium
Sultan Muhammad II also set up more than 4 million soldiers would besiege Constantinople by land. During the siege of the fortress of the Byzantine and Ottoman troops were killed because of the strong defense of the fortress. The siege, which lasted no less than 50 days, it really test the patience of the Ottoman troops, draining, mind, and their supplies.
The tough defense of the Roman empire can be seen from the start. Before the enemy achieve their stronghold Byzantines had their sea border with a chain stretched across the Golden Horn peninsula. There may be touched except by crossing the Byzantine fortress of the chain.
Sultan Muhammad finally found the idea that he thinks is the only way to get past the fence. This idea is similar to that done by the prince of Kiev who attacked the Byzantines in the 10th century, the prince of Kiev pulled his boat out of the Bosporus, around Galata, and rolling back the Golden Horn, but their team still defeated by the Byzantines Roman , Sultan Muhammad did it in a more subtle yet, it took 70 ships across Galata into the estuary after oiling logs. It was done in a very short time, less than one night.
In the morning, the Byzantine unbelievable shock, they had no idea Sultan Muhammad and his army across their ships by land. 70 ships ferried by land that is still covered with large trees, cutting down trees and ships ferrying overnight is an impossibility according to them, but that's what happened.Gold or Golden Horn HornTanduk Gold or Golden Horn, Istanbul, Turkey.
Terrible battle ensued, the fort was untouched as a symbol of Byzantine power was finally conquered by those who do not fear death. Finally, the government of the old 11th century it fell into the hands of the Muslims. The war resulted in 265,000 troops of the Muslims killed. On 20 Rabi'ul 857 H corresponding to May 29, 1453 AD, Sultan al-Ghazi Muhammad managed to enter the city of Constantinople. Since then, he was known by the name of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, the conqueror of Constantinople.
When entering Constantinople, Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror dismounted and bowed as a sign of gratitude to Allah. After that, he headed the Church of Hagia Sophia into a mosque and ordered to replace it. Serve as the capital of Constantinople, the Ottoman empire and government center of the town was renamed Islambul which means land of Islam, lau eventually changed to Istanbul.
Moreover, Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror also ordered the construction of a mosque at the tomb of the noble companions Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, may Allaah be pleased with him-, one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam who died while attacking Constantinople in the time of Caliph Muawiyah I radhiallahu 'anhu.
What was done by Sultan Muhammad of course contrary to the law, as the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,
ألا وإن من كان قبلكم كانوا يتخذون قبور أنبيائهم وصالحيهم مساجد, ألا فلا تتخذوا القبور مساجد, إني أنهاكم عن ذلك.
"... Know that the nations before you took the graves of their Prophets as places of worship, but do not you make the tomb as a place of worship, for I forbid you actually do the act." (HR. HR. Muslim 532)
The mistake made by Sultan Muhammad did not immediately make us deny his services are very large. May Allah forgive his mistake on his mistakes and mercy.
After that rentetat strategic conquest carried out by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror; he led his team menkalukkan Balkans, Greece, Romania, Albania, Asia Minor, etc. even he has prepared team and set the strategy for conquered the Roman empire in Italy, but death prevented him from realizing it.
Civilization built during
As well as the generals of war and managed to expand the powers of the Ottoman sultans for more than another, Muhammad al-Fatih also known as a poet. It has a diwan, a group that he has made his own poetry.
Sultan Muhammad also built more than 300 mosques, 57 schools, and 59 places in various parts of the Ottoman baths. The most famous legacy is the Mosque of Sultan Muhammad II and Jami 'Abu Ayyub al-Ansari
The death of the Conqueror
During the month of Rabi al-Awwal 886 AH / 1481 AD, Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror went from Istanbul to struggle, when he was in unsanitary conditions. On the way pain he suffered more severe and more difficult it feels. The doctor was brought in to treat it, but the doctor and the drug is no longer useful to the emperor, he had died in the army on Thursday, March 4 Rabi al-Awwal 886 AH / May 3, 1481 AD It was Sultan Muhammad aged 52 and ruled for 31 year. Some say the death of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror because poisoned by his personal physician Basya Jacob, God knows best.
There is no evidence that can be relied upon where Sultan Muhammad II to carry troops. Some say he wanted to go to Italy to conquer Rome there are also said to France or Spain.
Before his death, Muhammad al-Fatih bequeathed to his son and successor to the throne, Sultan Bayazid II in order to be close to the scholars, do justice, do not be fooled by the property, and really keep the good faith of the individual, society, and government.
May God repay your righteousness, O Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror ...