Getting to know the city of Bukhara, the city of birth of Imam Bukhari (1/2)

Bukhara is one of the states across the river (bilad ma-u wara an-Nahr). Rivers does it mean? Long river that irrigates the Central Asian states. The Greeks called it the River Oxus. The Arabs knew him by name Jeyhun. Persian poets adore him with glory. Some are named by the Amu Darya, Amu River, Panj, and Vaksh.

Yes, Bukhara is a city located in Central Asia. An ancient city that is now part of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In its heyday, the city became one of the economic centers of the former Soviet Union territory. It is also a place of learning, culture, and religion.

Area Bukhara is 32% of the area of Uzbekistan. And representing 8.2% of the population density of the country.
map of Bukhara

 Development History
Some say, the city of Bukhara was built by an Iranian leader called Siyâvaš. Son of King Kaykaus. Siyâvaš run from the government because of her father's wrath. So when he met the king at-Turk Government, Afrasiab. King's honor at-Turk and married with one daughter. Then give him a territory. That region is now known to Bukhara.
Siyâvaš build Bukhara. Then, after strong Bukhara, he turned to attack and kill Afrasiab.
Bukhara is one of the most important city in the province of Khorasan. An-Narsyakhi, author of Date Bukhara, said, "Bukhara region is a desert region that was inhabited by wild animals. Crossed by the River Zeravshan. High mountains with snowy white peaks. People come to the area because the air is fresh and clean. The residents led by an elder. "
Since the 5th century AD, the Chinese called the region the name Nome (Arabic: نومي). Some say the name is taken from the word Bakhr Bukhara (Arabic: بخر) and equivalent in Sanskrit, is the temple, the place of worship. It is said that the Bukhara region used to be a Buddhist Praying people before the arrival of Islam.
Arabic literature mentions that a native of Bukhara is Takhar Khudat (Arabic: بخار خداة) or Khudãh Bukhari (Arabic: بخارا خداه). Persitiwa significant events in the city occurred after entry into the territory of Islam.
The entry of Islam in Bukhara
Before Islam came, the people of Bukhara are the people who worship a pagan idol named Makh. They worshiped and made offerings to the gods once a year. Narrators of history agree that the first Muslim that crosses the mountains in Bukhara is Ubaid bin Ziyad. It is the State of the Umayyad governor of the province of Khorasan in the reign of Mu'awiya bin Abi Sufyan.
While leading Khurasan, age Ubaid bin Ziyad still very young. Just 25 years old. Appointment as governor is not something rash. At the age of 24 years, Ubaid was able to reach Jeyhun River. And then Bukhara headed by a widow who they glorified the call Khatun (Arabic: خاتون). This is the pronunciation in Turk which means Lady in Arabic.
Then there was a battle between Khatun dealing with Muslims. Since the defeat, Khatun sought peace and security. Ubayd-Allah ibn Ziyad granted his request and received 1 million drams of the peace deal. Then Ubaydullah back to Basra.
After that, Muawiyah lift Said bin Uthman as guardian of Khorasan province. He entered the Samarkand region. And then Khatun help him cope with the population of Bukhara (Mu'jam al-Buldan by Yaqut al-Hamawi: Dar al-Sadr Cet.II. pp. 354-355).
Bukhara release by Qutaibah bin Muslim
Caliph al-Walid bin Abdul Malik al-Umawi is the first Arab leader to implement sustainable development in Bukhara. Thanks to its policy -after the Divine ﷻ- Islam in Bukhara sturdy and spread. It was also thanks to the efforts of the provincial governor of Iraq, Hajjaj bin Yusuf Thaqafi ordered Qutaibah bin Muslim al-Bahili in Khurasan to open up the country across the river.
Qutaibah freed Bukhara in 90 H who was then dominated Wardan Khudãh. Although the allies of the Turks, Ward remained defeated by Qutaibah. Then Qutaibah conquered other Bukhara rulers.
Across the river area including areas that are difficult mastered in full. Initially, the inhabitants converted to Islam. Then apostasy and rebellion. Qutaibah take a lesson from what happened before. After successfully conquering Bukhara, he put the Arabs to stay and mingle with the people there. The approach proved successful Qutaibah. Bukhara both Islamic and Muslim population already established there. The situation becomes stable. With a stable situation before the development can run.The old city of Bukhara, indicating that the high civilization in time silam.Kota old Bukhara in Bukhara, Bukhara shows so high civilization in the past.
Qutaibah build palaces. he also built a Mosque in the fortress of Bukhara. The mosque was shifting the idols there. The more people who converted to Islam, the more the mosque was built. Until the time of Harun al-Rashid mosque was built in the border areas.
Bukhara city was growing. Trade and industrial activity increasingly stretched. Increasingly prosperous population. And increasing local income. Until the great men born in this region. Among Imam al-Bukhari was born on 13 Shawwal 194 H.
Bukhara at the time Daulah Samaniyah
Initially, Bukhara was ruled Khurasan. This situation continued until the year 279 AH / 892 AD It Nasr bin Ahmad as-Samani lead Samarkand, Bukhara entered the Samarkand region. Nasr sister named Ismail Bukhara build upon the request of the citizens and its scholars. When Nasr's death, which replaces adiknyalah rule in states across the river. Bukhara was made the capital of the Samanid Daulah. It was a center of education and industry.Sitorai Mokhi-Khossa, one of the most beautiful monuments in Bukhara.Sitorai Mokhi-Khossa, one of the most beautiful monuments in Bukhara.
ATS-Tsa'alabi praised the rapid development of Bukhara. He said, "Bukhara in time Daulah Samaniyah is a respectable and focused king. It also figures of his time. The cradle of the stars of the world of letters. And a full-time priority ... "(Yatimatu fi ad-Dahr al-Asr Muhasin members by Abu Mansur ATS-Tsa'alabi: A Verification by Mufid Muhammad Qamhiyah: Cet.I Dar al-Pole al-Ilmiyah, Beirut: 4 / 155).
The Reign of Bukhara in Mongolia
After Daulah Samaniyah collapsed in 389 H / 999 AD, Bukhara lost its important role in politics. But at the time of its decline, it still plays an important role as a center for Islamic studies. Later in the year 604 AH / 1207 AD, the hometown of Imam Bukhari was ruled by Muhammad bin Taksy Khawarizm Alauddin Shah. He renewed Bukhara and rebuild the city.
During his trip, Bukhara had their ups and downs. Time of joy and sorrow. Until the end of the coming catastrophe of the Islamic world. Tatar troops entered the territory of the Bukhara region.
On 4 Dhul Hijjah 616 AH, Bukhara fell to the troops of Genghis Khan. The town became the center of the country across the river was looted and burned. Nothing remains but the Mosque and part of the castle. Fortunately severe damage it can recover when the son of Genghis Khan, Ogedei Khan, Mongol rule in his father's.
In 636 H, Bukhara residents resisted the Mongols. However, the match was extinguished. Later in the year 671 AH / 1273 AD, disaster struck again Bukhara. Khan led the Mongol army Abaqa -penguasa Mongol master Bukhara region in preparation. They do destruction and to expel its inhabitants. Then do the renovations back. But strangely, Mongol Persia back vandalized for the second time in 761 H / 1359 AD And at the time of Mongol Timurid dynasty, Bukhara no longer plays an important role in the area across the river.
---Then, God willing, will be discussed Bukhara in modern era. State across the river to the high civilization that is now part of states ending in "Stan" the former Soviet Union. They became impoverished region that civilization is but a distant memory.